Independence of India (1945)
The time between the first and the Second World War is probably the most important time for the independence of India generally. In this time the passive opposition of Mahatma Gandhi falls against the British colonial rule.
As a Mohandas Karamchand he was born and today one knows him under the honourary title Mahatma (= big soul) Gandhi. Quite early in his life Gandhi consciously decided against the rules and traditions of his homeland. Although he came from a respectable family and caste and followed its Hindu faith intensely, he decided in spite of the threat from the caste to be excluded, for a law study in England. He travelled a lot by the world and got by his critical writings, above all to the bad situation of the Indians in South Africa, internationally hearing.
When he in 1914 to India returned he found the country and the people there in big disagreement and tried to mediate so faithful of its principles. Thus he took up, for example, Without box and gave them work, he tried to smooth the waves between two religious camps Hindus and Muslims and took care and exerted himself for the rights of the local Indians compared with the British colonial power, although him its clamour often brought in the prison. Even if Mahatma Gandhi the Britons was a thorn in the eye, the hands were bound to them because of its peacefulness mainly, nevertheless
Gandhi won bigger and bigger influence and got really in the 4/13/1919 2000 Indians on a place in the city of Amritsar (and some other towns) to gather and to fight without violence for her rights. Nevertheless, this meeting ended in a massacre with approx. 400 dead people, after a British general put the gathered amount under bombardment. After a general strike organised by Gandhi, he was arrested. Because the riots on the part of the Indians became bigger and bigger and the willingness to co-operate was not given, Mahatma Gandhi of himself said that he has recognised that the Indians yet did not own enough maturity for the principle of the passive opposition.
The boycott of English textiles showed an other big action for the independence. Gandhi called on the Indian people to produce materials for clothes even in the spinning wheel and led the way with good example; since then the spinning wheel stands for the Indian independence and is also found even today on the Indian flag.
In the 3/11/1930 Mahatma Gandhi started his world-famous salt march with which it was a matter of requesting the Indians to it of producing Indian salt and of selling and of boycotting English salt, because the Britons to themselves denied the high taxes on Indian salt to abolish. Of this movement thousands of Indians joined in the passive opposition, although they were often knocked down for it, were arrested or even killed.
In spite of many such protest actions India of wide colony remained. Nevertheless, during the Second World War Gandhi shouted, differently than in the First World War to refuse the cooperation to India in addition on England and not to fight for the colonial power. Other demands for independence joined this protest. In 1942 England felt forced into a corner through Japan and agreed to the independence of India. Nevertheless, it lasted another five other years (8/15/1947) to India finally the independence attained. Indeed, besides, Gand B sharp was split, in spite of the biggest efforts around a unity of the country, the country in Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan.
Republic India (1949-today)
Immediately after the independence India with many wars which resulted primarily from the migration of the single religious groups from India to Pakistan or the other way round had to fight. The conflict around Kashmir is even today an actual source of fire.
Although India improves economically more and more (above all, by the tourism, trips and short trips) and the western standard adapts, big problems with religious conflicts and environmental pollution and the problematic hygienic situation resulting from it exist furthermore in many parts of India.
Also the mass poverty is still a very big problem. In spite of the efforts of the Nobel peace prize bearer Muhammed Junus about his bank to give loans in the form of miniloans it is still to be gained control another way around these difficulties.
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