India, a country which all nations of today have their eyes and ears turned on towards us is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Asia. India is the second most populous country in the world next only to China though surveys India to overtake China soon. India is the largest democratic country in the world. India is the seventh largest country in the world in terms of geographical area. India has been home to one of the ancient civilizations of the world in the name of Indus Valley civilization. History of India suggests that the country was known for its cultural prosperity and wealth of resources. Religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism had its origin in India while religions like Islam and Christianity spread to India through traders and spiritual leaders. This enabled the country of India to be diverse with respect to culture of people. After being colonized by British East India Company, India became an independent nation on 15th August, 1947. And India became to be called as “Republic of India” on 26th January 1950. The same day is being celebrated as “Republic Day” across the country. It was on this same day that the Constitution of India was forced into effect. India is also commonly referred by the name “Bharat” and also “Hindustan”. India is often regarded as a highly multilingual, multicultural and multiethnic society. The country of India is divided into 28 states and seven union territories. In the recent times, India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. At present, India is ranked as the twelfth largest economy of the world.
It was during the Vedic period that the concepts of Hinduism and other cultural aspects began to flourish. Around 3rd century BC, Chandragupta Maurya ruled the entire of India. From then on, empires started emerging in all parts of the country. During the rule of Akbar, cultural and religious freedom was given importance. From the beginning of the 16th century, European settlers came to trade for resources with India. Due to the escalating conflicts between empires within, Europeans were able to colonize the country. It was the British East India Company while almost took control of the whole of India around the middle of 18th century.
It was Mahatma Gandhi who led the freedom struggle against the British. Even after Independence, India has been fighting several battles within. Some of them are Jammu-Kashmir problem, the problem in North-East, wars waged with Pakistan and China, problem of Naxals, etc. In India, elections are held once in five years. The President is the head of the state while Prime Minister is the head of government with the executive powers vested with him. As mentioned, each state is further sub-divided into districts. With seas bounding the borders of India on three sides and the mighty Himalayas in the north, the strategic geographic location of India makes it possible to connect with the rest of South-east Asia for trade purposes. Major rivers in India include Ganges, Brahmaputra.
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